The Grassland Biome Habitat

The grassland biome includes terrestrial habitats that are dominated by grasses and have relatively few large trees or shrubs. There are three main types of grasslands—temperate grasslands, tropical grasslands (also known as savannas), and steppe grasslands. Grassland Biome Key Characteristics The following are the key characteristics of the grassland biome:Vegetation structure that is dominated by grassesSemi-arid climateRainfall and soils insufficient to support significant tree growthMost common at mid-latitudes and near the interiors of continentsGrasslands are often exploited for agricultural use Classification The grassland biome is divided into the following habitats: Temperate grasslands: Temperate grasslands are dominated by grasses, lacking trees and large shrubs. Temperate grasslands include tall-grass prairies which are wet and humid, and dry, short-grass prairies that experience hot summers and cold winters. The soil of temperate grasslands has a nutrient-rich upper layer, but fires that prevent trees and shrubs from growing often accompany seasonal droughts.Tropical grasslands: Tropical grasslands are located near the equator. They have warmer, wetter climates than temperate grasslands and experience more pronounced seasonal droughts. Savannahs are dominated by grasses but also have some scattered trees. Their soil is very porous and drains rapidly. Tropical grasslands are found in Africa, India, Australia, Nepal, and South America.Steppe grasslands: Steppe grasslands border on semi-arid deserts. The grasses found in the steppe are much shorter than those of temperate and tropical grasslands. Steppe grasslands lack trees except along the ba nks of rivers and streams. Sufficient Rainfall Most grasslands experience a dry season and a rainy season. During the dry season, grasslands can be susceptible to fires, which often start as a result of lightning strikes. The annual rainfall in a grassland habitat is greater than the annual rainfall that occurs in desert habitats, and while they receive enough rain to grow grasses and other scrubby plants, its not enough to support the growth of significant numbers of trees. The soils of grasslands also limit the vegetation structure that grows in them. Grassland soils are generally too shallow and dry to support tree growth. Variety of Wildlife Some common plant species that occur in grasslands include buffalo grass, asters, coneflowers, clover, goldenrods, and wild indigos. Grasslands support a variety of animal wildlife as well, including reptiles, mammals, amphibians, birds and many types of invertebrates. The dry grasslands of Africa are among the most ecologically diverse of all grasslands and support populations of animals such as giraffes, zebras, and rhinoceroses. The grasslands of Australia provide habitat for kangaroos, mice, snakes, and a variety of birds. The grasslands of North America and Europe support wolves, wild turkeys, coyotes, Canadian geese, cranes, bobcats, and eagles. Additional grassland wildlife includes: African elephant (Loxodonta africana): The two front incisors of African elephants grow into large tusks that curve forward. They have a large head, large ears, and a long muscular trunk.Lion (Panthera leo): The largest of all African cats, lions inhabit savannas and the Gir Forest in northwest India.American bison (Bison bison): Millions used to roam North Americas grasslands, boreal regions, and scrublands but their relentless slaughter for meat, hides, and sport drove the species to the brink of extinction.Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta): Inhabits of the grasslands, savannas, and semi-deserts of sub-Saharan Africa, hyenas have the highest population density in the Serengeti, a vast plains ecosystem stretching from northern Tanzania to southwestern Kenya.

Abortion Should Not Be Legalized - 1237 Words

Many women in the world consider doing abortion, and this has been huge on-going controversial issues for a long time. The women in country X want to abort because they do not want their daughters to live restricted just like them, but it cannot be justified. Abortion should not be legalized because the woman’s body is not her own property that she has no right to control over the fetus, and it kills the innocent. According to Judith Thomson, abortion is permissible because women â€Å"are granting the fetus a right to life† (Thomson, 57). Even if a mom had contraception to avoid becoming pregnant, but had a baby by her mistake, she has the right to decide whether to carry her baby or not because it is inside her body. For example, the women†¦show more content†¦However, in my opinion, Thomson is wrong to state that women have right to control over fetus because biologically, fetus is not part of women’s body. The fetus and the woman must be seen as separate entities because they are genetically different and the fetus possesses different endocrine and nervous systems. The fetus is living inside the woman’s body but the fetus does not really mean that it becomes part of the property of the woman merely because of proximity. Physiologically, the womb of the woman is a cavity where the fetus is being carried, and the womb is there for the fetus use only. It is like a shelter where only fetus can be inside, and it indicates that the womb is the fetus’ property. For example, a car parked inside a garage is not part of a garage. If the car is a property of the garage, the car cannot go outside the garage whatsoever. Fetus is not part of woman’s body in which she is carried, and the fetus may leave in due time. We should not be discriminating against others because of their place of residence. Moreover, abortion is killing the innocent unilaterally. The woman is always favorable over the fetus in terms of physical power, and it represents that the fetus is always subject to that sort of physical control. The fetus is weak and cannot express feelings nor speak out loud, but it has

Core Elements of Business Process Management

Question: Discuss about the Six Core Elements Of Business Process Management? Answer: 1) Letter to the employees of the organization: To: All employees of the organization From: Human Resource Department Subject: Training details with Mark Roth Dear All, Through this letter, I want to attract the attention of all the employees regarding the training session that is to be conducted by Mary Roth. Mary Roth is Mark Roth, the trainer who failed in providing training to all the divisional vice-presidents. The time when he was giving the training, at that point of time he was undergoing through a huge mental pressure and hence was not in that stable mental state for providing excellent training sessions. The mental pressure was that the previous day before the training was held he told his parents, girlfriend and siblings about his plan for transgender transformation. Moreover at that time he was also undergoing some hormonal treatments for the surgery that was to be held after some months (Gilbert, 2015). Later after his surgery I heard about Mary Roth who was performing very well in the training session and also gained the same reputation and career growth. But this time, I can assure you that Mary Roth will conduct the training session interestingly and it will help the trainers well in the customer research project. This time I am confident enough with her training sessions as because she is no longer in any kind of personal or mental stress. Moreover I will also like to add that Mark is now Mary Roth and hence has long hair, wears make up and wear female dresses. I would like to request each one of the trainees to take the training session seriously and hence accept Mary Roth as she is. This will help in successful accomplishment of the training session. Warm Regards, HR department 2) While communicating this situation to the boss of the HR department it is necessary to keep in mind the discussion of the entire situation right from hiring Mark Roth to terminating him and then again hiring Mary Roth after some years for the same training session. The reason behind Mark Roths failure in delivering proper trainings session at that time was because of his mental pressure as he informed the news of transgender transformation to his parents , siblings and girlfriend. Rosemann Vom Brocke (2015) commented that this was an important issue in ones life and hence this therefore distracted Mark to some considerable extent. So due to the high mental and personal stress, Mark was unable to deliver the training properly. Moreover this also needed to be communicated to the employees of the organization since they already had faced the problem due to his bad training session. As opined by Cornelissen et al. (2015) Marks transformation change need to be informed to the trainers since this is essential to inform them about the bad training session that they faced in their previous training session. But later after the transformation took place he clients of Mark Roth informed that Mary Roth was working excellent and superior in her sessions and hence it seemed the transition went well (Harmon, Green Goodnight, 2015). References Rosemann, M., Vom Brocke, J. (2015). The Six Core Elements Of Business Process Management. InHandbook on Business Process Management 1(pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Cornelissen, J. P., Durand, R., Fiss, P. C., Lammers, J. C., Vaara, E. (2015). Putting Communication Front and Center in Institutional Theory and Analysis.Academy of Management Review,40(1), 10-27. Gilbert, S. J. (2015). The Silo Lives! Analyzing Coordination and Communication in Multiunit Companies.Leadership. Harmon, D. J., Green, S. E., Goodnight, G. T. (2015). A model of rhetorical legitimation: The structure of communication and cognition underlying institutional maintenance and change.Academy of Management Review,40(1), 76-95.

Jane Erye Essays - English-language Films, British Films, Jane Eyre

Jane Eyre?s Evolution The novel Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte, consists of a continuous journey through Jane?s life towards her final happiness and freedom. Jane?s physical journeys contribute significantly to the idea that the novel is a journey through Jane?s life. Each journey causes her to experience new emotions and an eventual development of her character. These journeys help Jane on her four figurative excursions, each one allowing her to reflect and grow. Jane makes her journey from Gateshead to Lowood at the age of ten, finally freeing herself from her restrictive life with her aunt, who despised her. Even though Jane resented her harsh treatment by her aunt, Mrs. Reed?s attitude towards Jane highlights on one of the main themes of the novel, the social class. Jane?s aunt sees Jane as inferior, who is less than a servant. Jane is glad to be leaving her cruel aunt and have the chance to go to school. At Lowood she wins the friendship of everyone there, but her life is difficult because conditions are poor at the school. She has come to be respected by the teachers and students, largely due to the influence of her teacher, Miss Temple, who has taken a part as a mother, governess, and a companion. Jane has found in Miss Temple what Mrs. Reed always denied her of. Also at Lowood, Jane confronts another main theme of the novel, the natural violence, which is depicted by Bronte unintentionally giving the students typhus eventually killing many of them, including Jane?s best friend, Helen Burns. This scene is especially important, because it makes Jane stronger and she finds out what it feels like to truly lose a love one. As Jane grows up and passes the age of eighteen, she advertises herself as a governess and is hired to a place called Thornfield. Although journeying into the completely unknown, Jane does not look back, only forward to her new life and her freedom at Thornfield. This particular journey marks a huge change in Jane?s life; it?s a fresh start for her. Another important journey Jane makes is from Gateshead back to Thornfield having visited her aunt Reed on her deathbed. By then Jane realizes that she loves Rochester. A key theme is raised here, Jane?s fierce desire to love and to be loved. She feels alone and isolated when she has no friends around her. This is a sharp contrast compared to other characters? search for money and social position. These contrasting themes strengthened with every journey she makes. When returning to Thornfield Jane is unhappy, but keeps her promise to Mr. Rochester. She believes at this point that Mr. Rochester is going to marry Blanche Ingram, and that she will have to leave Thornfield and never see Mr. Rochester again. However, Mr. Rochester offers his hand in marriage to Jane, but her happiness is short-lived after finding out that he is still married to Bertha. Although so many terrible things are happening to her, her spirit remains unbroken. Jane flees from Thronfield and Mr. Rochester. Jane hearing Rochester?s voice calling her prompts her final journey from St. John to Thornfield. Jane and Rochester?s relationship blossoms once again, but differently than before. In the past, Jane felt like an inferior to Rochester because he was her employer and was wealthy. Jane now feels at perfect ease, Rochester has become a better man because of his disabilities. Ultimately, these four journeys mirror Jane?s four emotional journeys. She transforms from an immature child to an intelligent adult. Jane also changes from innocent and na?ve to mature and strong-willed person. All of her experiences teach her how to love and feel loved and to discover her true family roots.

Heat of Formation Worked Example Problem

Heat of Formation Worked Example Problem Heat of formation is the enthalpy change that occurs when a pure substance forms from its elements under conditions of constant pressure. These are worked example problems calculating the heat of formation. Review The symbol for the standard heat of formation (also known as the standard enthalpy of formation) is ΔHf or ΔHf ° where: Δ indicates a change H indicates enthalpy, which is only measured as a change, not as an instantaneous value  ° indicates a thermal energy (heat or temperature) f means formed or that a compound is being formed from its component elements You may wish to review the Laws of Thermochemistry and endothermic and exothermic reactions before you begin. Tables are available for heats of formation of common compounds and ions in aqueous solution. Remember, heat of formation will tell you whether heat was absorbed or released and the quantity of heat. Problem 1 Calculate ΔH for the following reaction: 8 Al(s) 3 Fe3O4(s) → 4 Al2O3(s) 9 Fe(s) Solution ΔH for a reaction is equal to the sum of the heats of formation of the product compounds minus the sum of the heats of formation of the reactant compounds: ΔH ÃŽ £ ΔHf products - ÃŽ £ ΔHf reactants Omitting terms for the elements, the equation becomes: ΔH 4 ΔHf Al2O3(s) - 3 ΔHf Fe3O4(s) The values for ΔHf may be found in the Heats of Formation of Compounds table. Plugging in these numbers: ΔH 4(-1669.8 kJ) - 3(-1120.9 kJ) ΔH -3316.5 kJ Answer ΔH -3316.5 kJ Problem 2 Calculate ΔH for the ionization of hydrogen bromide: HBr(g) → H(aq) Br-(aq) Solution ΔH for a reaction is equal to the sum of the heats of formation of the product compounds minus the sum of the heats of formation of the reactant compounds: ΔH ÃŽ £ ΔHf  products - ÃŽ £ ΔHf  reactants Remember, the heat of formation of H  is zero. The equation becomes: ΔH ΔHf  Br-(aq) - ΔHf  HBr(g) The values for ΔHf  may be found in the Heats of Formation of Compounds of Ions  table. Plugging in these numbers: ΔH -120.9 kJ - (-36.2 kJ) ΔH -120.9 kJ 36.2 kJ ΔH -84.7 kJ Answer ΔH -84.7 kJ

Develop your organizational culture and leadership  - TheJobNetwork

Develop your organizational culture and leadership   - TheJobNetwork A critical task for any HR professional is to help ensure that their company’s organizational culture and leadership accurately and effectively reflects its values, beliefs, and mission. How does your company fare in this critical area?In today’s impossibly crowded business climate, having a clearly developed culture and identity is essential for an organization. According to Inc., â€Å"Culture has always been important, but today, it’s becoming more than just a buzzword. Culture is an important differentiator to set your company apart from the competition. It’s also what attracts the right talent and brings in the right customers†¦ Plus, with more than 30% of the workforce now made up of Millennials,  according to the Pew Research Center, culture is more important than ever. Millennials want to work for companies that share their same values. They want to feel like their work has a purpose and makes a difference. In short, they want a good cultur e fit.†With companies eager to rise above the noise in their respective industries and connect with their target audiences, all in an effort to be successful, a key piece of the puzzle is developing an organizational culture and presence that’s transparent and elicits positive feelings- both from within the company and from prospective customers. Inc. identifies four primary factors why this is so important:Culture builds brand identity.Your company’s personality and how your organization is perceived by the world at large help form your brand identity. According to Inc., culture is what tells the world who you are as a brand. â€Å"The more your audience understands and identifies with your brand, the more they’ll want to buy from you.† Everyone wants to feel like you’re talking to them personally, and in order to do that, you have to establish a company vibe that people can relate to.Culture increases loyalty among employees.Do you want you r company’s employees to love coming to work each day and feel a loyalty toward helping fulfill your organization’s mission (beyond their paychecks)? Of course you do, and the best way to make this happen is to help them connect with your company’s core culture. According to Inc., â€Å"Companies with a strong culture have employees who like the challenges of their job, get along well with their co-workers and enjoy the atmosphere of the workplace†¦ Culture gives employees a driving goal and purpose for what they do. It connects your leadership team with the rest of the employees and binds them with a set of shared beliefs. Your employees want to feel like they are contributing to something larger than themselves.†hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});Culture attracts and retains talent.A company with a strong culture and well-perceived brand identity does not have to work very hard to attract and retain top talent from around the world- rather, it will attract talent to you. Once people are a part of your team, they’ll be energized and continually drawn to supporting your organization’s core goals and mission. It will make your job as an HR professional easier while helping your company to operate at peak levels- a real win-win.Culture makes advocates out of employees.When employees genuinely feel good about the work they do and the company they work for, they become effective brand advocates. According to Inc., â€Å"It’s true that good talent knows [good talent]. And when your employees are happy with their work, they are more likely to share with others. They’ll spread the word about their positive experience with your company, and you’ll soon gain a strong reputation.†Hopefully, it’s now clear why having a well-developed organizational culture and supportive leadership structure is important for the health and success of your company. But as an HR professional, how do you affect real organizational change in an effort to develop and maintain your culture? The Society for Human Resource Management recently published an article that discusses the role of HR professionals in the development of organizational culture and outlines key steps you can take to make positive, lasting change.According to the article, â€Å"The key to running a successful organization is to have a culture based on a strongly held and widely shared set of beliefs that are appropriately supported by strategy and structure. When an organization has a strong culture, three things happen: Employees know how top management wants them to respond to any situation, employees believe that the expected response is the proper one, and employees know that they will be rewarded for demonstrating the organization’s values.†As an HR professional, you play a key role in this cultural development. According to the Society for Human Resource Management, â €Å"Strategic thinking and planning must extend beyond merely meeting business goals and focus more intently on an organization’s most valuable asset- its people.†To this end, HR professionals should focus on building a strong organizational culture by:Being a role model for the organization’s beliefsReinforcing organizational valuesEnsuring that organizational ethics are defined, understood and practicedEnabling two-way communications and feedback channelsDefining roles, responsibilities, and accountabilitiesProviding continuous learning and trainingSustaining reward and recognition systemsEncouraging empowerment and teamsPromoting a customer-supplier work environmentRecognizing and solving individual and organizational problems and issuesOnce a strong organizational culture is set in place, HR professionals can do a great deal to maintain the work done in this area, including the following:Mindful hiring practices, including looking at the organization’ s vision and mission and conducting cultural fit interviewsOnboarding programs that help employees become enmeshed in the organization’s cultural frameworkReward and recognition programs that incentivize employees whose behavior supports the company’s values and missionThere you have it- some helpful background on the power of organizational culture and leadership, along with effective tools for building and maintaining your organization’s brand identity. Use the strategies and advice presented here to help set up your company for lasting success!

Treatment techniques of mental illnesses throughout history Coursework

Treatment techniques of mental illnesses throughout history - Coursework Example The perception of mental illnesses tends to differ from one culture to another. As a result, different cultures have varying views of what is considered normal and what can be regarded as abnormal. A culture’s perception of mental illnesses has an impact on the intervention strategies, which will be employed while treating a mental illness (Videbeck 4). Traditionally, the psychotherapy relied upon in the treatment of mental disorders borrowed a lot from the psychoanalytic framework, as well as the existential approaches. The influence of Sigmund Freud in the treatment of mental disorders is remarkable owing to the fact that the notion of psychoanalysis can be traced back to his works. This paper will examine how the views on mental illnesses have influenced the techniques of treatment throughout history. The paper will also explore some of the Greek and Roman perceptions of mental illnesses, as well as views of mental illnesses during the Middle Ages. The paper draws from the works of various authors in answering the study questions. The views and treatment of mental disorders throughout history Throughout history, there have been various perceptions of mental illnesses that have guided the treatment of these diseases, as well as how the society perceives mentally ill persons. Among the Greeks, Hippocrates, the famous Greek physician, perceived mental illnesses as conditions that could be understood in relation to physiology that can be termed as disturbed. The Greek held that mental illnesses can be understood in the realm of possession by demons, or the anger of gods. Medical practitioners in Greek later on came up with treatments, which could be used for persons suffering from mental illnesses. These new forms of treatment focussed on the use of drugs in treating mental illnesses, as well as availing care from the family members who provide support to the mentally ill persons (Videbeck 5). The Greek can be regarded as the first group of people that id entified mental illnesses as conditions as opposed to the belief mental illnesses signified wicked supernatural powers. According to the Greeks, conditions such as hysteria only affected women as a result of their uterus that could be considered as wandering. The Greek also used some unique ways of treating mental illnesses. For instance, psychosis was treated using blood-letting while the treatment of depression took place through bathing. Based on the treatment methods employed by the Greeks, there was no room for the use of words that could console the patient (Davies et al. 18). In Greece, there was  some stigma attached to mental illnesses during the ancient times; mentally-ill persons suffered a lot of shame, humiliation, and loss of respect. Ancient Greeks believed that mental illnesses were an indication of punishment for both the major, as well as minor transgressions, which a person may have committed. The Greek society always shunned and isolated those individuals who h ad any form of mental condition. Some people could be locked up in order to keep them off from other people, and to some extent some could be killed in order to prevent them from becoming a nuisance to others in the society (Bewley 4). With time, the Greeks came to believe that the agents they did not see could not be used as the basis upon which mental disorders could be understood. As a result, there arose a need to know the exact causes of mental illnesses,

Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Leadership - Assignment Example I lead my ensuring that the people in my team are driven, motivated and satisfied. This would then help ensure that the task is completed on time. Considering the Leadership Grid by Blake and Mouton, I would say that my leadership styles is similar to that of a team manager. I scored 58% in task and 78% in people, this places me in the position highlighted below: My main concern always has been to ensure that the people in my group are happy and motivated. I collaborate with my friends and classmates when in a team. My first aim is to create cohesiveness in the group and then I move forward to define an action plan. Whenever I am made the leader of a group, I do not move towards the task at hand. I make sure the team members know each other and then we decide together the roles of each team member based on their area of expertise. I ensure that my team is satisfied with the task they are given so that they are comfortable and motivated towards the task. I believe that the team management style offers the most advantages. This is because it focuses more on the people. It is these people who are given the task of making the team successful. This style ensures motivated people who take ownership of the task given to them. The motivated people in the people enjoy working together and for the team. This then results in improved results and highly decreases the chances of team failure. Team members take responsibility of the team in their own ways. In this style, the conflicts are resolved in the open. It is inevitable that conflict will arise in a team but the team management style works on getting the conflict resolved through the participation of the team members. The people within the team feel valued and therefore are willing to resolve conflict together. This management style is particularly effective when the members in the group are skilled but need motivation. The team management style would be really suited for teams where

Establishment Notions of Englishness Essay Example for Free

Establishment Notions of Englishness Essay In what ways did the iconography, the music, the lyrics and the performances and behaviour of punk rock acts present a challenge to ‘establishment notions of Englishness’ in 1976-77? The early roots of Punk rock were appearing in the form of The Velvet Underground in 1965, closely followed by The Stooges and MC5 in 1969, but it wasn’t until the early 1970s that punk began to globalise, hitting Australia in 1972 with The Saints. Within a year, legendary Punk club CBGB’s opened it’s doors for the first time, becoming a constant dwelling for the up and coming acts of the 70’s, and more importantly, providing a regular crowd of punk kids to listen to them. Britain in the early 70s, according to Spicer, was filled with ‘political frustration, surging unemployment and a gag-reflex to the patriotic froth generated by in celebration of Queen Elizabeth’s Silver Jubilee, giving punk’s raw noise a particular spice and vigour. The UK had either been in decline, recession, stagflation or worse since the end of the swinging sixties.’ (Spicer, 2006: 3). ‘Eight years later when the idealism of the 60s had well and truly faded, the strategies and rhetoric of street protest were still going strong. So when mainstream politics wouldn’t even listen to what was driving the kids insane, the Sex Pistols’ cry of â€Å"Anarchy in the UK† seemed like a viable alternative.’ (Spicer, 2006: 5) ‘Punk came with a philosophy that was influenced by the anti-establishment turmoil reverberating from the 60’s.’ (Spicer, 2006, Page 4), so in a time when the youths of Britain were so ignored and undervalued as a part of society, it seemed like a natural outlet to make the government and the authorities stand up and take notice of what they were saying. Renowned Manchester based punk journalist and singer John Robb stated that ‘Punk Terrified the establishment’ (Robb, 2006: 3), suggesting this outcry for non-conformism was having an impact and the message of challenging the government was being heard. Despite this, however, critics are still divided about whether the punk phenomenon was in fact a significant cultural shift. ‘Was it just another youth craze (with a hairstyle calculated to drive the parents crazy), or did it offer a real challenge to the  complacency of the times? A Challenge that was more than just musical and sartorial, but p olitical as well?’ (Spicer, 2006: 2). Hebdige stated that ‘the punks were not only directly responding to increasing joblessness, changing moral standards, the rediscovery of poverty, the Depression, etc., they were dramatizing what had come to be called â€Å"Britain’s decline† by constructing a language which was, in contrast to the prevailing rhetoric of the Rock Establishment, unmistakeably relevant and down to earth (hence the swearing, the references to â€Å"fat hippies‟, the rags, the lumpen poses). The punks appropriated the rhetoric of crisis which had filled the airwaves and the editorials throughout the period and translated it into tangible (and visible) terms’ (1991: 87). A significant part of the construction of the punk rock movement in the British media was the fashion of the stars, which was later emulated by the fans, with the iconic style quickly becoming a obligatory staple of â€Å"being punk†. According to Paul Gorman, speaking in Punk: The Whole Story, ‘Almost every element of punk’s style, attitude, politics, musical tastes and even personnel emanated from two tiny clothes shops on Chelsea’s King’s Road 30 years ago.’ (2006: 84) These two shops were Acme Attractions and SEX, both in London. Don Letts, ex-employee of Acme, and later member of Big Audio Dynamite said in Punk: The Whole Story, ‘Acme was more than a shop. It was a club, a lifestyle, a forum for talent. It reflected the way London was going – it was about multi-culturism’ (2006: 84). I think this really exemplifies the importance of the fashion and self-representation of the punk movement, even at the beginning. Robb recalls, ‘I saw photos of punk rockers in the papers, and I knew instantly what they sounded like. Never had a music and its threads been so closely associated’ (2006: 2). Hebdige also observed, ‘The various stylistic ensembles adopted by the punks were undoubtedly expressive of genuine aggression, frustration and anxiety. But these statements, no matter how strangely constructed, were cast in a language which was generally available – a language which was current’ (1991: 87). I feel this rings true in a big way, especially when you contrast another artist of ’74 with the way, for example, the Sex Pistols presented themselves. In image one, we see the Sex Pistols wearing typical punk style  clothing, however, in image 2, The Who, another British band making music in 1974, are seen to be sporting a much more reserved fashion, that could be classed as smart/casual, due to the tailored trousers, tucked in shirts and sports jackets, and even be called patriotic, with the presence of a union flag jacket. In contrast, while the Sex Pistols are also wearing union flag attire, however, it seems to be done so in a satirical, ironic way. The flag is cut into and is covered in holes, which could suggest the way that the punk youth saw the state of the government, or at least what they thought of it. Similarly, there is also a sports jacket being worn, however, it is teamed with a punk print T-shirt, which could easily be seen as a rebellion against the notion of looking presentable and dressing in your Sunday best. Ruth Adams discusses Hebdige’s notion of punk fashion being a bricolage, and states ‘Bits and pieces of both officially sanctioned and popular English culture, of politics and history were brought together in a chaotic, uneasy admixture to form a new culture’ (2008). I feel this accurately describes the way punk took what it wanted from English culture and used it as a way to challenge the established notions of â€Å"Englishness†. Icons such as swastikas were often wore as a fashion statement , however, ‘for punks like Siouxsie and Sid Vicious it became just one more ingredient in the imagery of offence – not devoid of meaning, but mainly a way of getting up the noses of the straight and the narrow’ (Spicer, 2006: 4). You can imagine that this explicit and in your face approach to fashion and iconography would starkly contrast with the dreary fashion of the 70’s. Spicer states that ‘as the decade that saw beige, brown, orange and gold recommended as a desirable colour scheme for the home, the 70’s had little going for it stylistically either’ (2006: 3). I feel that this contrast in style would have made punks even harder to ignore, insuring that someone was always looking at them and listening to what they had to say. ‘Punk rock lyrics are typically frank and confrontational; compared to the lyrics of other popular music genres, they frequently comment on social and political issues’ (Laing, 1985: 27). An obvious example of this would be â€Å"God Save The Queen† by the Sex Pistols (1977, Sex Pistols). At the time of  release, the song was highly controversial, mainly for the fact it was explicitly ‘anti-monarchy’, implying that the Queen was a part of a fascist regime, as shown by the lyrics ‘God save the queen, the fascist regime’, and also for quite blatantly writing England off as being bleak and without any hope, shown in the lyrics ‘There is no hope in England’s dreaming’ and ‘There’s no future, no future, no future for you’. This contrasted significantly with the jingoistic ideals that were being put forward in the wake of the Queen’s silver jubilee. Savage stated, ‘â€Å"God Save the Queen† was the only serious anti-Jubilee protest, the only rallying call for those who didn’t agree with the Jubilee because [†¦] they resented being steamrollered by such sickening hype, by a view of England which had not the remotest bearing on their everyday experience’ (2001: 352-353). Laing speculated that ‘Punk was a total cultural revolt. It was a hardcore confrontation with the black side of history and culture, right-wing imagery, sexual taboos, a delving into it that had never been done before by any generation in such a thorough way’ (1985: 27). I feel this really sums up the ideology at play with ‘God Save The Queen’, as it was a total revolt of the dominant ideology at the time it was released. Punk rock is not known for its musical ingenuity, its creativity, or even its skill. John Robb described punks as ‘The DIY brigade fumbling with musical instruments, trying to make sense of the world with three chords learned last week on second hand guitars’ (2006, Page 3). I feel this expresses the rebelling of the establishment in a way that goes above lyrics or fashion. Here we can see that punk was not about pleasing people or making everyone happy, it was about doing what you wanted because you could, and not caring if people liked it or not. This directly challenged the English ideology of the 1970s, which was predominantly all about keeping a stiff upper lip, being polite, and being, for lack of a better word, nice. Rock journalist Caroline Coon wrote about the Sex Pistols live performances, stating that ‘participation is the operative word. The audience revels in the idea that any one of them could get up on stage and do just as well, if not better than the bands already up there’ (1982: 98). This again draws on the angry, challenging, do-it-yourself attitude attached to the punk genre. Machin describes the discourse of the melody of â€Å"God Save The Queen† by the Sex Pistols in a way that epitomises the ideology of the genre. ‘Here [image 3] we can see that much of the melody remains on the first note. There is therefore very little outward giving of emotion or positive energy. This means that there is something very contained about the way it is sung. In fact, the vocalist sings the song generally at a high pitch which conveys emotional intensity. Yet in this intensity there is no emotional outpouring or pleasure. There are only short sharp occasional outbursts on the 4th note. This is fitting of the punk discourse of nihilism and cynicism.’ (Machin, 2010: 105) Philip Auslander proclaimed that ‘we may not usually think of musical performance, apart from opera and musical theatre, as entailing characterisation in the conventional dramatic sense. Nevertheless, we must be suspicious of any supposition that musicians are simply ‘being themselves’ on stage’ (2004: 6). Auslander goes on to quote Frith, who states that musicians are ‘involved in a process of double enactment: they enact both a star personality (their image) and a song personality, the role that each lyric requires, and the pop star’s art is to keep both acts in play at once’(2004: 6). I feel that this observation directly applies to the punk rock era, as it exemplifies the explicit and hyperbolic style of the genre. This can be exemplified by Sex Pistols front man, John Lydon (aka Johnny Rotten). In the public eye he is an anarchist punk rebel who is not scared to speak his mind and does not care who he offends, however in real life he is a man who was bullied as a boy for having an English accent while at his grandparents’ home in Cork, Ireland. This performance persona is a prime example of the way that punk challenged the notion of Englishness, as everything about â€Å"Johnny Rotten† was anti-establishment. This is typified with the quote from Rotten himself, stating Id listen to rock n roll, but I had no respect for it. It was redundant and had nothing to do with anything relevant†. Here, he is dismissing everything that already exists in England as not being relevant or influencing him in any way, suggesting that he was the change that England needed. Auslander later goes on to discuss that ‘both the line between real person  and performance persona and the line between persona and character may be blurry and indistinct, especially in the case of pop music performers whose work is heavily autobiographical’ (2004: 7). Again, I think this is extremely relevant to the analysis of the performance of John Lydon as Johnny Rotten, as punks felt this allegiance with him through his work as he was them while he was on stage. He was also a working class, angry young person with no money who resented the royal family and the government. Al Spicer asked the question, ‘was it just another youth craze (with a hairstyle calculated to drive the parents crazy), or did it offer real challenge to the complacency of the times?’ (2006: 2) and I think the answer to this would have to be that they really did challenge the system, in every possible way. Punk as a movement intended to shock and defy the norm of 1970s England, to rebel against the complacent and austere ideals of the time and radically confront the patriotic notions of Englishness put forward by the royal Jubilee, and I think that they succeeded. Instead of merely writing protest songs, punk bands were a protest. Every fibre of their existence protested, whether it was scandalous lyrics, deplorable fashion choices or unrestrained, extroverted stage personas who would say what they thought, and never care about the repercussions. Punk was one vast protest across England and the notion of English ideals. Bibliography Machin, David. (2010) Analysing Popular Music: Image, Sound, Text, London: Sage. Spicer, Al. (2006) A Rough Guide To Punk, London: Rough Guides. Blake, Mark (Editor) (2006) Punk; The Whole Story, London: Dorling Kindersley. Sabin, Roger (Editor) (1999) Punk Rock, So What?, London: Routledge. Robb, John (2006) Punk Rock; An Oral History, London: Elbury Press. Adams, Ruth (2008) â€Å"The Englishness of English Punk: Sex Pistols, Subcultures and Nostalgia.†Popular Music and Society, 31.4, P. 469–488. Hebdige, Dick (1991) Subculture: The Meaning of Style. London: Routledge. Savage, Jon (2001) England’s Dreaming: Sex Pistols and Punk Rock, London: Faber Faber. Laing, Dave (1985) One chord wonders: power and meaning in punk rock, Milton Keynes: Open University. Auslander, Philip (2004) Contemporary Theatre Review, Vol. 14, London: Routledge. Boyd, Brian (2010), The Making of a Rotten Public Image, The Irish Times: 08 Aug 2010 Issue. Coon, Caroline (1982) The New Wave Punk Rock Explosion, London: Omnibus Press. IMAGE 1: http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/12/30/1230675664257/Sex-Pistols-in-1978-001.jpg IMAGE 2: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL9bbXdjJkoLHpSGm91B2qGrqxH1bvuYzaf5pL_1CZiWcZ1BkqdGQ602tEJ78LgADkipMd-r8HZ3vCGkNOu3KqGuMh3biZKnZN1e0JzkPStLAt6mXORc6ZFAKJXj9sB7Lc-VhQeFvvgGc/s1600/The+Who.jpg IMAGE 3: Machin, David. (2010) Analysing Popular Music: Image, Sound, Text, London: Sage. Page 104.

The Problems of Doing Good :: Politics Political Essays

The Problems of Doing Good In 1938 Mao Zedong summarized one of the most important problems with warfare in Problems of War and Strategy: "War can only be abolished through war, and in order to get rid of the gun it is necessary to take up the gun." American intervention in Somalia began as a peacekeeping mission to ensure that food donated by goodwill organizations got into the hands of the civilians who were starving; since the theft of these donations by Somali soldiers was widely reported in the international press. As the conflict progressed, our presence shifted and evolved into nation-building. The United States was essentially living out Zedong's warning, and we were soundly criticized for it. Was the mission ethically justified? The only reasonable and logical conclusion that can be reached is that entering the conflict in Somalia was the product of very poor judgment. Before entering a conflict a nation should, at the least, stand to gain something if she wins. Everyone lost during the Somalia hostilities: statistically we did not save many Somali lives, we increased our notoriety throughout the world for getting involved in things that don't concern us, American soldiers died, and funds that could have been appropriated elsewhere were spent without concern for their investment. As if this weren't bad enough, it was clear from the start that the only reason we got involved was out of a sense of pity. Humanitarian support through military intervention is as much of a paradox as George Bush caring about a poor third-world nation. The action raises this ethical question: is the act of saving Somali lives worth the loss of American lives? Historically our armed forces have served only to protect the freedom of democracy and maintain national security. Humanitarianism falls into neither of those categories. The problem lies in the reality that the United States has no vested interest in the outcome of a civil war in Somalia. It does not affect us economically, politically, socially, it does not affect our allies, the integrity of trade agreements, and it had no bearing on national security or foreign policy. The truth is that conflict in Somalia should not have even made its way onto the Whitehouse agenda because it does not affect us at all. Equally important as the fact that American men and women died to bring food to Somalis, is the ethics from the standpoint of the Somalis.

Management Challenges and Concerns Report Essay

HR planning is the method that management figures out how you can move companies forward from its present setting to the end possible arrangement. Powerful preparation effectiveness will lead to the organizational direction developing the correct types and correct amount of people doing work that result in the employee along with the business having optimum long running advantages. Establishing purposes and following through by creating and executing plans for example staffing, appraising, coaching, and compensating to make sure that individuals with all the right features and abilities are accessible when and where the company requires them. A significant purpose of human resources preparation is enabling company effectiveness. HR sections should assess data that might need to direct any age categories for potential years. Businesses should know what way they’re headed. Demographic places likewise have consequences for handling human resources. Certainly one of the very most affecting difficulties for the resolution of business dilemmas is the quality of the man hired to function as the HR supervisor or specialist. For any HR member of staff, the degree of the human-resource employee has to be beyond reproach. The obligations of the HRM are really so huge simply because they reach every division inside the business. Centered on this, the HR staff needs to be certified and proficient. Not only does the HR employee from clerk to supervisor must be a communicator but additionally a great listener. As mentioned by Alvin Chan, with all the escalation in rivalry, locally or internationally, organizations must be adaptable, resilient, agile, and client-centered to triumph (2011). There are numerous facets to each HR job position, all which have to be nearly flawless. A business might have many legal conformity problems that the HR division has to resolve. The human resources problems are extremely complicated when it has to do using a sophisticated work business. Most companies exclusively employ one man as the HRM or professional who has to cope with benefits and payment, human resources management, labor relations, training, and legal problems. The EEOC is involved in over 81,000 instances of prices for different kinds of discrimination. Harassment of race and sex are filed most frequently. The turn-over of employee lends itself to wrongful-termination circumstances. The unsurpassed path would be to ensure  with employee practices liability insurance (EPLI), which defends an employee’s lawsuit. Conformity with ordinances is one the largest difficulties happening in work places. This occurs more regularly in small businesses than bigger due to the employee turnover in employees in smaller businesses. It’s a larger issue having a recently formed business or business as a result of the inexperience with national and state ordinances. A solution to the issue would be to employ a third party to maintain the company awareness of exactly what the rules and ordinances are or to keep the owner apprised of the modifications. Companies have altered the way they conduct business and provide a challenge for HRM to stay on top of. As with all the changes come new rules, laws and policies that HRM have to monitor and abide by. Numerous businesses have started to divide its human resources department into more specific subdivisions to help ensure they are still in compliance of new and old guidelines. References Bohlander, G., & Snell, S. (2007). Managing human resources (14th ed.). Cengage Learning. Chan, A. (2011). The Challenges of Human Resource Management. Retrieved from http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Alvin_Chan Dreher, G. F., & Dougherty, T. W.(2001). Human resource strategy: A behavioral perspective for the general manager (1st ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Mello, J. A.(2006). Strategic human resource management (2nd ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Is America Falling Apart?

â€Å"People are underpaid but they go through an act of liking their work, the open markets are luscious when esculent color, the community is more important than the stat, the human condition is humorously accepted. † (297) â€Å"The quality of life has nothing to do with the quantity of brand names. What matters is talk, family, cheap wine in the open air, the wresting of minimal sweetness out of the long-known bitterness of living. (297) â€Å"American individualism, on the face of it an admirable philosophy, whishes to manifest itself in independence of the community. You don’t share things in common; you have your own things. A family’s strength is signalized by its possessions. Herein lies a paradox. For the desire for possessions must eventually mea dependence on possessions. (298)† â€Å"New appetites are invented; what to the European are bizarre luxuries become, to the American, plain necessities. 298)† â€Å"It is not right that men and women should fear to go on the streets at nights, and that they should sometimes fear the police as much as criminals. Both of whom sometimes look like a mirror images of each other. (301)† â€Å"The wealth qualification for the aspiring politician is taken for granted; a governmental system dedicated to the promotion of personal wealth in a few selected areas will never act for the public good. The time has come, nevertheless, for citizens to demand, from their government, a measure of socialization—the provision of amenities for the many, of which adequate state pensions and sickness benefits, as well as nationalized transport, should be priorities. (302)† â€Å"I come to America as to a country more simulation than depressing. The future of mankind is being worked out there on a scale typically American—vast, dramatic, almost apocalyptical. I brave the brutality and the guilt in order to be in on the scene. I shall be back. (302)†

A Government for the People essays

A Government for the People essays In 1787, the fathers of our country met at the Philadelphia Convention to ratify the document that would soon be known as The Constitution of the United States of America. This Constitution was to be the supreme law of the land. Our Constitution was set up in order to form a more perfect union, and to give the people under its provision certain unalienable rights. Among the rights granted to the people are: the right to free speech, the right to keep and bear arms, and the right of the people to be protected from unreasonable searches and seizures. Today I will demonstrate for you how the Constitution has become only a small stumbling block in the Federal Governments efforts to increase its power through the use of legal precedents. A prime example of how the government pirouettes around the Constitution is seen in the case of Chimel versus The Supreme Court of California. On March 27, 1969 several police officers showed up on the petitioners (Chimel) doorstep to arrest him on charges of burglary. Upon answering the doorbell the petitioner was served with an arrest warrant. Shortly after the arrest, while still at the petitioners house, the officers asked if they could have a look around. The petitoner knew his rights, and that the officers had no search warrant, so he respectfully denied their request. This was of no consequence to the officers. They went ahead and unlawfully searched his three-bedroom house top to bottom, leaving no piece of personal A few months later the petitioners case was plead in a California District Court. At the petitioners trial the illegally seized items were used against him. He was convicted. Unhappy with the district courts ruling, he appealed to The California Supreme Court. Upon consideration, the Supreme Court affirm ...

Why You Need To Limit Your Social Media Use

Why You Need To Limit Your Social Media Use Social media is everywhere- and a huge part of our day-to-day lives. It’s not going anywhere either. But do the benefits of all this connectivity and constant chatter actually outweigh the costs? Have you even considered what costs there might be in your life and career? Here are a handful of reasons why you should curb your constant phone use and start taking part in that old-fashioned thing we call the real world.1. You’re Down on YourselfStudies show that people who spend a significant amount of time on social media experience increased anxiety and decreased self-esteem. Watching everybody else’s milestones and achievements fly through your feed doesn’t make you happy for your pals, it makes you unhappy about your own (seeming) lack of accomplishment. Are these people even your friends? Are you spending more time thinking about their goal-slashing and not worrying enough about setting goals of your own?2. You’ve Distorted RealityAnd while we†™re at it, all that success and joy you see on your feed from your thousands of â€Å"friends† is also highly crafted and paints a pretty rosy picture of events. Nobody’s life is as glamorous or freewheeling as Instagram and Facebook make them out to be. Just think of how many times you took that selfie to make sure it looked effortless? You’re not alone by any means. Remember that image and reality don’t always match up- and that your happiness should not depend on anybody else’s.3. It’s Not Actually SocialYou may feel less lonely, or more like you are keeping in touch with all of your friends when you’re constantly all up on their social media, but it’s not actually getting you anywhere close to real, lasting and close relationships with any of your friends. It’s just empty interaction. Your real, close friends are the ones you have actual conversations with- even on the phone or Skype if not in person. If your frien ds were to deactivate their accounts, would you still speak to them?4. You’ve Become a JerkAre you that friend who can’t get through an entire dinner- or concert, or picnic, or party, or other hang-out situation- without spending most of the time checking their phone? And be honest- it’s not even for important work emails or personal calls or texts! This friend is scrolling through their Facebook and Instagram feeds while you’re trying to have a conversation. It’s incredibly rude and ruins the experience for everyone. So if you’re not that friend, make sure you don’t become that friend.5. Your Life is PublicIf you don’t set boundaries and post everything that happens to you willy nilly, you forget that your entire life is not only public, but also permanently recorded in visual images and text. Just remember that safety and reputation are both important. And dial it back a bit.6. You’re DistractedSocial media is incredib ly distracting. Maybe you find yourself doing something cool; instead of enjoying the moment and being present, you’re mostly thinking how to get the perfect photo and how to phrase the perfect post. You’re starting to see the world in virtual, filtered form, rather than experiencing it. Or worse- you’ve lost touch with your life because you feel most alive when online. Or the least bored. But every hour you spend on your phone is another hour of life you’re missing out on. Think what you could accomplish in all of that accumulated time!

Nursing Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Nursing Project - Essay Example The evidence definitely supports the use of this program and s presented in this paper. Continuous quality problems and spiraling costs in healthcare have lead to widespread interest in solutions that are effective and well supported. Evidence based practice has taken hold as an answer to the problem that makes sense (Coleman, 2003) EBP is sometimes viewed as an ideology, however, as far as practice goes it's goal is to supplement professional decision making with the latest research. It is sometimes argued today that to treat someone with a practice that the efficacy has not been shown is not ethical (Kind,2007). That would leave many healthcare treatments today as unethical. This paper will discuss nursing transition to evidence based practice in the realm of patients and transitioning. The question would be, "What are the most effective interventions for improving care coordination" Many Medicare dollars are spent on a small percentage of beneficiaries with chronic conditions and those people are in and out of the hospital many times, many within short periods of time. The causes of this are numerable but some of them are inadequate care, poor communication among primary caregivers, specialists, and patients, weak adherence by patients, and failure to catch problems early. There are three types of intervention being looked at closely at this time to try to solve these problems. Transitional Care, self managed education intervention, and coordinated care interventions are being considered as effective but requiring further study (Coleman, 2003). Transitional care is first engaged in the hospital, followed intensely post-discharge and receives comprehensive post discharge instructions on medications, self care and symptom recognition. Reminder calls are made to assure that the patients follow up with primary care providers as required. Effective transitional care is targeted for patients with specific diseases such as CHF. This is guided by APN's and is usually a twelve week intervention that is highly structured with protocols (ncga.gov.) It requires a one year post discharge follow-up. Statistically it has shown to reduce hospitalizations by 34% and lower overall costs by 39%. APN's in this case are the transitional coaches and there are tools given for cross site communication. Self management education is a term used for collaboration with patients and families to identify patient goals, improve self management, expand sense of self efficacy, and assess mastery of skills (ncga.gov). Much of this is done in group sessions of limited duration. The targeted patients are usually forty or older and have heart disease, lung disease, stroke or arthritis. There are usually seven weekly group sessions on exercise, symptom management, techniques, nutrition, fatigue and sleep management, use of medications, dealing with emotions, communication and problem solving. Statistics show that these patients have 1/3rd fewer hospital stays. Coordinated care on the other hand is considered teaching patients about self care, medications, how to communicate with problems, monitor patients symptoms, well-being, and adherence between office visits and advise patient on when to see their physician. A full report is given to the patient's physician (ncga.gov). This would also include arranging for social support

Literature rewiev Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Literature rewiev - Essay Example She likewise strongly suggested that adequate training of staff and teachers is needed to improve the quality of mainstreaming and inclusion practices. The Audit Commission Report (2002) found that there is a gap between policy and practice, citing several cases of British schools where the duty to mainstream education is absent where the education of a child with SEN is incompatible with the rest. The same report discovered that children with SEN experienced greater or lesser difficulty in gaining admission to their school of choice. Children with emotional and behavioural difficulties had most problems, followed by children with ADHD, and then those with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). The report findings are supported by Sage (2004) and Wright (2003) but not by Wilkins et al. (2004). Despite the widespread adoption of policies on mainstreaming, and more recently on inclusive education for children and young people with SEN, little is actually known about the relationship between what teachers think about such policies and the type of learning environments they provide. A study (Monsen & Frederickson, 2004) in New Zealand involving 63 primary school teachers and 1,729 pupils concluded that children taught by teachers who espoused highly positive attitudes towards mainstreaming were found to have significantly higher levels of classroom satisfaction and marginally lower levels of classroom friction that children taught by teachers with less positive attitudes. MacKay (2002) challenged many of the prevailing trends in relation to disability and special education needs. Taking a broad view of developments since Warnock, and providing a fascinating insight into initiatives in Scotland, Gilbert MacKay offered an analysis of five ways in which the notion of disability, and the practical reality of our responses to it, are being unhelpfully removed from the educational arena. Whilst all can strive to promote forms of inclusion that encompass ever-widening parameters of diversity, no one's interests are served if the implications of individuals' difficulties are simply ignored or wished away. MacKay highlighted dangers in some recent trends but also points the way towards a much more responsive and productive future. Several recent research studies have come out on the experience of inclusion and mainstreaming in British education. Simmons and Bayliss (2007) discussed the role of special schools and the practicality of segregation. Carpenter (2007) focused on the role of schools as research organisations. Whitehurst (2007) emphasised the importance of learning about the experiences of the children who are the object of mainstreaming practices. Keil et al. (2006) came up with enlightening research findings on SEN and disability. Frederickson et al. (2007) assessed the social and affective outcomes of inclusion. Lindsay (2003) addressed the development of inclusion and inclusive practices, models of special educational needs and disability, and the values that underpin thinking about these matters. Basing his argument on the research evidence, Lindsay provides a searching critique of prevailing notions about inclusion and of current approaches to research. His conclusions will be of interest to everyone concerned with the education of children and young

Internet slang, and the effect it has had on traditional language Essay

Internet slang, and the effect it has had on traditional language - Essay Example ranca (Vosloo, 2009), not only replacing English and other languages during electronic interactions, but also invading the everyday speech among them. Netspeak or internet slang has been defined by McFedries as â€Å"the words, idioms and peculiarities of spelling and grammar that are characteristic of online documents and communications.† It began as Instant Messaging Services like AOL, MSN and Yahoo magnetized millions of users that constantly sought to find efficient, shorter and faster ways of interaction, with limited characters on the keyboard determining the linguistic capacity (Shaw, c.2004). The outcome was sentences and phrases abbreviated into words and replacement of characters with others that resemble them for convenience of typing. This led to coining of a synonymous term, ‘leet’, which is a shortened term used for elite and is also written as 1337, similar characters as implied by the definition. Some of the most common ‘words’ are LOL, an acronym for ‘laughing out loud’, and ‘BARB’, which is a shortened version of ‘be right back.’ The knowledg e of Netspeak is now crucial to understanding any conversation that takes place over internet messaging. Another distinguishing aspect of Netspeak is the coinage and use of emoticons or graphical smileys, used to convey emotions and intentions like happiness and anger. As obvious, the reason for hostility against it by intellectuals is random and erroneous use of spellings- often called creative spellings, - grammar and punctuations by users, since it is informal and free of such constraints. This could be explicitly explained by the example, ‘practice b4 u go, k?’ The effects of internet slang on writings have been well-noticed and criticized by teachers and parents alike, with students also admitting its drawbacks. Lee describes them as constant attacks of technology on formal written English (cited in Vosloo, 2009), while Humphry compares its brunt on grammar, punctuations and

About Health Education Taught In Schools

About Health Education Taught In Schools Should health education be taught in schools? In this day and age, health problems play a pivotal role in Ss„Â ¢ ability to come to school, stay in school and make the best performance during their studies whether in primary schools, secondary schools or in universities. Developing the health of student can also be done well by the schools which lack healthcare resources. According to a survey of a 12.5 per cent of sample of schools in England and Wales (Williams, 1985), some 87 per cent of primary schools were teaching about health and a further 4 per cent planned to do so in the near future. The comparable figures for secondary schools were 85 per cent and 9 per cent respectively. Most people agree with that school should do more on health education, but others believe that there are also many drawbacks on health education in schools. What is health education? (http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/healthpromotingschools/)health promotion in schools is not just about encouraging children and young people to eat well and to exercise; it encompasses a much broader holistic approach. This approach is called the whole school approach, which includes promoting the physical, social, spiritual, mental and emotional wellbeing of all pupils and staff. This essay will identify and discuss the positive and negative sides of it. Recently, health education is gaining popularity in all kinds of schools among all kinds of students .It has many shining points. Developing the health, hygiene and nutrition of children is an important thing to school because it„Â ¢s difficult to children to learn when they are hungry or sick. But safe physical surroundings and advantageous psychosocial surroundings should be guarantee of a good school policy, and it also should avoid molestation, insulting language and discrimination; using drug, alcohol and tobacco isn„Â ¢t allowable of a good school policy and the same to violence and bullying. Students can improve their health-related knowledge, attitudes, skills, and stimulate the interest of children to concentrate their energy and improve their health, take precautions against disease and avoid health-related risk behaviors in a variety of health areas by health education. Firstly, health education is benefit to children„Â ¢s physiology via two aspects: h ealth eating and physical activities. Via health education, children can learn more knowledge of healthy food choices which can contribute the children„Â ¢s confidence, skills, knowledge and understanding. By learning the knowledge of choosing healthy food, it will increase children„Â ¢s consumption of complex carbohydrates, and decrease their consumption of saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, and sugar, then increase their level of habitual physical activity; after it, children will generalize these changes to other family members.

Christmas :: essays papers

Christmas Christmastime was always a magical time of year for me. The beautifully decorated shopping malls, with toys everywhere you looked, always fascinated me. And the houses, with the way their lights would glow upon the glistening snow at night, always seemed to calm me. But decorating the Christmas tree and falling asleep underneath the warm glow of the lights, in awe that Santa Claus would soon be there, was the best part of it all. As a child, these things enchanted me. Sure, the presents were great, but the excitement and mystery of Christmas; I loved most of all. Believing†¦that’s what it was all about. Believing there really was a Santa and waking up Christmas morning, realizing he’d come, as my sleepy eyes focused on all the fancily wrapped presents before me. Ah, to be a kid again. How wonderful it would be to relive the magic of Christmas. Don’t get me wrong, I have always been a kid at heart and a true lover of Christmas. But as we get older and we realize that Santa Claus and the North Pole were just stories our parents told us so we’d behave, Christmas starts to lose that magical feeling. No matter how much we might still love it, Christmastime just isn’t the same as when we were young. And at a time of all the aggravating shopping hustle and bustle, dents in the pockets, headaches, traffic jams and long lines, I begin to realize that God has sent me the most magical Christmas gift of all, a beautiful three year old whom I can relive Christmas in all over. Through my child’s eyes, I see myself each time his face lights up at the sight of Santa, and I feel his anticipation each morning as he faithfully opens up one more window on the Christmas calendar. Tonight, as we decorate the tree, I admiringly watched his tiny fingers delicately place each of the ornaments on all the same branches until they drooped to the floor. So proud of his work, I secretly placed some elsewhere, as to not hurt his feelings, and wondered how many times my own mother had done the same thing. And after a long day of shopping and excitement, I watched his eyelids begin to droop while lying underneath the warm glow of the Christmas tree lights.

Implicit cognition Essay

Implicit cognition refers to internal influences that affect an individual’s behaviours. The identifying feature of implicit cognition is that an individual’s past experiences can influence their judgements in   fashion that the individual is not introspectively aware of – i.e. the person is not conscious of the fact that the experiences have affected his/her perceptions in such a way. (Greenwald & Banaji, pg 4; 1995) Evidence supports the view that social behaviour and attitudes in particular are often based largely on unconscious attitudes, for example an individual’s attitudes towards a specific ethnic group are prone to be implicitly influenced. Implicit attitudes are commonly thought to mainly effect cognitive bias in a negative way (e.g. racism), however Edward Thorndike (1920) named the ‘halo effect’, upon observing that personality ratings showed a tendency for positive attributes to be associated with other positive attributes more than they should be (Greenwald & Banaji, pg 9; 1995). A great amount of ‘halo effect’ research has been based on using physical attractiveness as the objectively irrelevant attribute that influences perception of other characteristics. Studies have shown that attractive people are judged to possess greater social skills as well as being more successful in employment (Dion, Berscheid & Walster; 1972). As previously mentioned implicit cognition is caused by past experiences influencing judgement in ways that the individual is not introspectively aware, thus it is imperative to use indirect measures to gauge an individual’s implicit attitudes. The distinction between direct and indirect measures depends on the relationship between what the subject is informed about the purpose of a measure and what the researcher chooses to interpret from the subject’s response to the measure (Greenwald & Banaji, pg 8; 1995) – the researcher will inform the subject that one attribute is being measured when in fact the researcher will interpret information about another attribute based on the subjects response to the measure. It is necessary to use indirect measures because implicit attitudes are by definition attitudes that an individual is unable to report as they are unaware of their existence i.e. implicit attitudes are beyond an individual’s introspective limits. For the purpose of this essay I have chosen to examine the reaction time based ‘Implicit Association Test’ (IAT) and Facial Electromyography (fEMG) which is based on physiological measurement. Implicit attitudes result in projections of behaviour or judgments that are under the control of automatically activated evaluation, without the actor’s awareness of that causation. The IAT procedure seeks to measure implicit attitudes by measuring their underlying automatic evaluation. A beneficial property of the IAT is that it may resist individuals masking their attitudes using self presentation strategies (e.g. providing false responses in order to gain social acceptance or avoid criticism). In short, the IAT may reveal attitudes and other automatic associations even or those who prefer not to express those attitudes (Greenwald et al, pg 1464-5; 1998). The IAT is performed over a series of five stages; the first stage is called ‘Target Concept Discrimination’ in this stage the target concept is introduced and the subject is instructed to simply pair the stimuli with its corresponding concept, for example a study on implicit attitudes towards sexual preference (Project Implicit – an online database of IATs offering the test to the public, spearheaded by Dr Anthony Greenwald, Dr Brian Nosek and Dr Maharin Banaji) presents the subject with the task concepts ‘gay’ and ‘straight’, the subject is then presented with images displaying gay or straight couples or words such as homosexual and heterosexual. When the stimulus appears on screen the subject pairs it with the corresponding category – picture of a man and wife pairs with straight concept. The next stage in the IAT is ‘Associated Attribute Discrimination’ as previously this stage is presented as a two- category discrimination task. The subject is asked to pair words such as happiness, love, agony, strife with the corresponding attributes good and bad according to which attribute best suits their meaning. Following the introduction to the ‘Target Concept Discrimination’ and to the ‘Associates Attribute Dimension’, the two are amalgamated in the third stage –i.e. gay and good on one side of the screen and straight and bad on the other or vice versa. During this stage stimuli for target and attribute discriminations appear on alternate trials. For example’ a picture of a homosexual couple would be shown followed by the word ‘famine’.   As previously the subject pairs the stimuli with their matching category. The fourth stage consists of reversing the target concepts position in the experiment and the final stage of the experiment combines the ‘Reversed Target Concept Discrimination’ with attribute discrimination. For example the gay concept is now on the same side of the screen as bad. The subject is then presented with alternating stimuli and pairs them with the appropriate concept or attribute. If the target concepts are differentially associated with the attribute dimension, the subject should find one of the combined task (either the third stage or the fifth stage) to be more difficult than the other- this is shown in the subjects reaction time; longer reaction times suggest the subject has higher difficulty pairing an attribute with a concept. The measure of the difference in difficulty is used to provide the measure of implicit attitudinal difference between the target categories (Greenwald et al, pg 1465-6; 1998). In the example of implicit attitudes towards sexual preference, it should be easier to complete the task when straight is combined with good if there is a stronger association between heterosexuals and good meanings than between homosexuals and good meaning, thus showing an implicit attitude of bias towards heterosexuals. Also it is common to use training stages before each of the combined discrimination stages to reduce the effects the order of the combined discrimination tasks has on the IAT results. Since the IAT was first described by Dr. Anthony Greenwald et al in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology in 1998 it has grown exponentially in popularity, having been used in over 300 published studies and cited in over 800 articles (Azar, 2008). Among the reasons for the success of the IAT are its relative ease of use, the large effect sizes it creates, its high level of adaptability and its resistance to subject’s faking their responses. To show the validity of the IAT Greenway et al (1998) used the classical known-groups validity measure. This measure consists of using groups whom are known previous to the experiment to differ regarding the construct of interest. Greenwald et al used Americans of Korean and Japanese descent to test the validity of the IAT. The participants had to classify positive and negative words along with typical Korean and Japanese names in the combined discrimination stage, as expected the IAT results showed that individuals of Korean or Japanese descent were prone to hold mutually negative implicit attitudes towards the other ethnicity (Banse et al pg 146; 2001). It has been disputed that the reason for these IAT results is at least partially based on ethnic groups being more familiar with names associated with in their own group, i.e. positive IAT scores may reflect familiarity more so than sympathy with their own ethnic group. Another commonly expressed concern with the internal validity of the IAT is the order in which the combined discrimination tasks appear. Greenwald et al (1998) expressed that all other thing being equal, strengths of associations used in the first of the IAT’s two combined tasks had a tendency to be stronger than those used in the second combined task. However, in a subsequent study Nosek et al (2005) showed that an increase in the length of the training stages before each of the combined discrimination stages can result the order having less of an effect on the IAT scores. If the pairing order effect is due to the interference caused by learning and becoming accustomed to an initial response set and subsequently needing to replace it with a new response set, then extra practice with the new response set may act to reduce this effect. (Nosek et al, pg 177; 2005). Furthermore the IAT is designed that the order of the combined discrimination task be random.

The Hidden Side of Domestic Violence Essay

This book was written by Dutton and Donald about domestic violence. It gave us the history about assault on spouses. Dutton and Donald talks of two major social phenomena that emerged in North American and the Western countries in Europe. Rights of women were acknowledged by everyone after long and tedious struggle of women to get recognized. It goes further to state the measures and incidences of violence including theories concerning women assault. The cycle of violence and people who possess abusive personalities are stated even assault on men. This book is very important for it teaches about recognizing one another especially those who possess violent personalities. It is good for the society for it educates one to accept others rights and difference between marriage duties and rights. This book shows us that we ca eliminate all odds in our society and try make each and every person to feel that he or she belongs to it fully without any intimidation and discrimination. Donald and Dutton’s ideas can be used to help those who possess abusive personality by attending psychiatrists and avoiding any abusive behavior. It can be used to educate spouses in marriage so that they will evade future marriage problems. Also, in the current globalized world, the ideas in this book can help us socialize and live together in peace and harmony especially in a domestic set up. This book can help people who are married in other cultures to harmonize or leave those cultures and then live with the acceptance and respect of each other’s rights. Weiss, Elaine. Surviving Domestic Violence: Voices of Women Who Broke Free. Volcano: Volcano Press,  2004. Print. In this book, Surviving Domestic Violence, Elaine Weiss wrote about several stories of women who had been subjected to domestic violence. She got these stories by interviewing and later writing them down. It talks of what they went through and how they later managed to escape it. It gives reasons as to why such incidences were happening. After getting out, the women took a very long time to finally recover the psychological and wounds they got due to this violence but some were yet to fully recover for the ordeal they went through changed their lives negatively. Those who managed to deal with stress after coming out say that they are stronger than ever. The different stories taught in this book are the true causes and effects of domestic related violence. They bring about what one goes through and how one feels while undergoing the violence. Also, it helps to understand what to do when such incidences happen. It also shows its effects and how they change one’s life therefore targeting those who abuse their partners. This book is a very example as it shows us that those who have already freed themselves from the marital abuses can educate others like the youth and couples about domestic violence o that they refrain from them. The stories are very encouraging for they give people motivation to solve their problems and also how one can escape this. They can be used by those specialists in parental guidance and counselling to help them shape their marriage when such incidences are reported to them and even before couples get married. The ideas in this book can enable those undergoing abuses to get out and look for a better marriage partner. One only needs to accept that he or she is undergoing domestic violence and therefore if it cannot be solved, one can boldly walk away and start life afresh. Marriage is not slavery but it’s a path towards achieving your goals in life as one needs a partner who is willing to assist where possible so that they make all their dreams in life to happen. Abused Men: The Hidden Side of Domestic Violence Cook, Philip W. Abused Men: The Hidden Side of Domestic Violence. Westport: Praeger,  2009. Print. Phillip exposes how men goes through domestic violence silently. He talks of how real it is that men are going through domestic violence without the society suspecting. He brings several stories of men who have been undergoing through such violence from their wives for a long time. Then he goes further to give tips that can help one to find freedom from any form of abuse. The he talks of resistance and acceptance for those who are abusing their spouses and how they come to realize that each and every person deserves to be respected. He also talks of new great approaches that can be used to reduce domestic violence. He then gives survey statistics of domestic violence in Canada. It also talks about how the relationship changes between the offenders to their victims. The story is helpful in realizing what some men go through. It gives statistics of domestic violence that people are not ready to talk about. The society is helped to recognize men who are undergoing domestic abuses from their spouses. It is helpful because statistics help people to know how long they have been living with their friends undergoing abuses without even realizing it. It talks of acceptance which can help those who are yet to accept their spouse the way he or she is. It is helpful for it shows how much men can be subjected to torture with use of dangerous tools such as knives, machetes and any other type of a life-threatening tool or machine so that one can force their partner to follow her commands. Philip’s ideas can be used to know the men who are undergoing abuses experienced from their wives and enable us to help them come out of the problem. Also, it encourages courage especially those who are not courageous enough to come out and tell their ordeal to the society. This book can help men to free themselves away from any form of abuse and intimidation from their partners. This book is very important as it can be used to tell the extent in which men undergo violence in real life situations. Men can also use this book to help them evade any other form of domestic violence against them and therefore reducing the number of men who die as a result of domestic violence. Howard, Louise, Louise Howard, Gene Feder, and Roxane Agnew-Davies. Domestic Violence and Mental Health. London: RCPsych Publications,  2013. Print. This book has been written collectively by different authors who are specialized in domestic violence ideas. It talks about prevalence and physical health impacts of domestic violence. It talks about types of abuses in marriage such as physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse and coercive control and also it questions them and gives clues on how they are brought about and their solution. It also talks of effects of the person’s psychology which is deeply affected even in the future that may not get them out of his mind. It stresses on survival strategies to evade such abuses and also how one can control his or her mind to avoid damaging his or her psychology. This book also gives the kinds of interventions and responses people can take after or when you suspect any form of violence. Advices from professionals on domestic violence are also written down. This book has directives on what causes mental problems after abuse. It also gives us ways on how to control ourselves and maintain a state of calmness so as not disturb our stressed mind. It educates us on different forms of domestic violence. It has been written by different qualified professionals in each field is represented. It is an important text for it has the advices on domestic violence from professionals. The story in this book can help us to evade mental problems due to domestic abuses and can be used by psychiatrists to know what causes a certain mental disorder and they can use the ideas here to enable their clients who are undergoing this problem to get out of it. It can also be used to educate couples so that when they are not in good terms to try to their best solve the problem before it gets out of hand. The advices written in this book can also be used in the same way to advice people especially those undergoing domestic violence depending on the root cause and the kind of violence. Kubany, Edward S, Mari A. McCaig, and Janet R. Laconsay. Healing the Trauma of Domestic Violence: A Workbook for Women. Oakland: New Harbinger This book is directed to those who have been freed from domestic violence and especially women. Due to violent domestic situations, one may develop post-traumatic stress disorders which are not easy to get out of one’s mind and can negatively affect that person. It is aimed at giving programs known as cognitive trauma therapy which one undergoes to help him or her come back to normal. It gives the techniques one can use them to help himself or herself by identifying any form of trauma and distress one has that can enable one to deal with it to help control and change his or her life . This book is targeting those who have been affected by domestic violence so that they come back to normal for those who were traumatized. It is an educational tool for the society to understand the devastating effects of wife battering. Therefore it makes us to even identify those who are going through post-traumatic stress. It contains technics and procedures one can follow so that they make him deal any results brought by domestic violence. It is also helpful as it helps chase out any fears one has due to what they went through during that horrifying period of domestic violence. Psychiatrists can use this book to help traumatized people by helping them to come back to normal. The ideas here can help us to even identify those going through stress in their marriage so that they are helped before it’s too late. This book can be used also by the parents who are not in good terms to read and understand what one may go through if such incidences happen. The techniques in this book about dealing with trauma after violence can be used by psychiatrists to help clients who underwent this so that they identify what they are in trauma of and this can help them to accordingly better their lives. It can also be used individually as one can remember well what went wrong in that marriage and help better their lives. References Cook, Philip W. Abused Men: The Hidden Side of Domestic Violence. Westport: Praeger,  2009. Print. Dutton, Donald G. Rethinking Domestic Violence. Vancouver: UBC Press,  2006. Print. Howard, Louise, Louise Howard, Gene Feder, and Roxane Agnew-Davies. Domestic Violence and Mental Health. London: RCPsych Publications,  2013. Print. Kubany, Edward S, Mari A. McCaig, and Janet R. Laconsay. Healing the Trauma of Domestic Violence: A Workbook for Women. Oakland: New Harbinger Weiss, Elaine. Surviving Domestic Violence: Voices of Women Who Broke Free. Volcano: Volcano Press,  2004. Print. Source document

Research CSS (level 1) vs. CSS3 Essay Essays

Research CSS (level 1) vs. CSS3 Essay Essays Research CSS (level 1) vs. CSS3 Essay Paper Research CSS (level 1) vs. CSS3 Essay Paper The latest version of CSS is the CSS3 version which fundamentally differs from CSS2 in the incorporation of Modules and other alterations. Modules enable the designing to be done in a lesser clip with more easiness while updating single characteristics and specifications. The CSS3 version supports many more browsers than CSS2. but make certain it works on all operating systems and browsers. Other major alterations include CSS Selectors which CSS2 had simple pickers and the new version calls the constituents as a sequence of simple pickers. Pseudo elements because many Pseudo elements have been added that allow in-depth yet easy styling. Besides a new convention of dual colons ‘ : :’ has been introduced. Style belongingss let multiple background images be layered in the box utilizing different elements like background image place and repetition. Border manner is the styling of boundary lines that extended to images and rounded designs which includes making image of the boundary lines and so automatically use image to the boundary lines through CSS. Additions in Properties include border-radius. image-source. image-slice. and the values for width beginning and stretch have been added in CSS3. It besides features belongingss for pull offing boxes like shadowing. wrapper and breakage have been added. The best portion of CSS3 is that it has done away with complex constructions for div ticket and makes it easy for hassle free designing of multiple table-less columns. This can be merely done by seting in the figure of columns in the browser that need to be added in the organic structure component along with their breadth. colour and tallness to do the text flow through the columns with easiness.

What Is Stanford EPGY and Summer College Should I Join

What Is Stanford EPGY and Summer College Should I Join SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you heard about Stanford EPGY, a summer program for high school students? Curious about what it would be like to spend a summer on Stanford's campus? Well, it turns out that the program formerly known as Stanford EPGY is now two different programs. We will break down what the different programs are and outline the benefits and costs of each. Feature image via Wikimedia What Exactly Is Stanford EPGY? Stanford EPGY (which stands for Educational Program for Gifted Youth) used to encompass summer programs at Stanford for middle and high school students as well as online courses available year round. However, EPGY has now split up into two different components – the online component (now known as GiftedandTalented.com, a website still associated with Stanford) and the summer programs component (now called Stanford Pre-Collegiate Summer Institutes). This can make it confusing for students to figure out which program might be best for them. Furthermore, there is also a program called High School Summer College, where you can attend Stanford for a full academic quarter during the summer and take actual Stanford classes. It’s sometimes overshadowed by EPGY so high school students don’t hear about it. I realize the fact that Stanford has these three high school programs can be confusing, but I can guide you through it – I participated in some of these programs as both a high school student and as a counselor during college! I will go through each program, explain what it is, how to apply, and whether or not it would be worth it for you to participate. GiftedandTalented.com Image via GiftedandTalented.com. What Is GiftedandTalented.com? GiftedandTalented.com, which used to be a part of Stanford EPGY, is a way for advanced students to take courses online to access more advanced topics or supplement what they are learning in school. Stanford moved to GiftedandTalented.com with the help of an outside company (Redbird Advanced Learning) to make their EPGY online program more convenient. The service is more responsive and the interface is easier to use than it was with the old EPGY online courses. Courses span from typical math courses like geometry and calculus to specialized programming and physics classes. There are a few language arts courses as well. How to Apply You can enroll in any course at GiftedandTalented.com as long as you can pay the fee (about $495 per each 3-month course) and meet the prerequisites. You can look through the courses and apply online here. There is also financial aid you can apply for by emailing financialaid@GiftedandTalented.com or calling 844-944-3833. Is GiftedandTalented.com Worth It? Whether GiftedandTalented.com is a good choice for you depends on your needs. If you want to challenge yourself but don’t have access to honors classes, AP courses, or other resources near you, online courses are a great way to add advanced courses to your schedule. Especially if you tend to be good at learning independently or outside of traditional classroom settings, online classes can be great. If your high school does offer more challenging classes, or you have access to a local community college or university, you might want to consider taking courses locally instead. Your high school classes are likely cheaper than additional online classes, and honors, AP, and IB programs can offer rigorous curriculums close to home (learn more about AP and IB here). This is especially true if traditional classroom settings work well for you. Either way, explore all of your potential advanced class options before signing up for any online courses. Stanford Pre-Collegiate Summer Institutes Image via Stanford Pre-Collegiate Summer Institutes What Is Stanford Pre-Collegiate Summer Institutes? Stanford Pre-Collegiate Summer Institutes (SPCS), formerly EPGY, is a residential summer program where you take an academic course and participate in typical camp activities (sports, crafts, and local excursions). You can do SCPS as a high school student. Most of the programs run for three weeks. You can choose to attend either Session 1 (June 19 - July 8 in 2016), Session 2 (July 11 - July 30), or take a course that spans both sessions. For each sessionyou take one class intensively, and live with the students taking the same course. Course options span from Creative Writing to Particle Physics to Robotics to International Relations to Cryptography, just to name a few. The course options have been expanded recently so there are more options to choose from than in the past. The schedule typically consists of class in the morning, discussion sections or class work in the early afternoon, and activities later in the afternoon and evening. Your time is quite structured throughout the program, though you get to choose which activities to participate in. Special Programs Within SPCS In addition to the various SPCS course options that we linked to above, there are also two special programs within SPCS. Read about them below. Summer Humanities Institute This is a program centered around rigorous humanities courses in history and philosophy, taught by Stanford professors (note that some of the SPCS courses are taught by instructors and not full-on professors). Full disclosure: I worked at the Summer Humanities Institute in 2013 as a Residential Counselor. To be honest, I was jealous this program wasn't around when I was in high school! The courses were definitely rigorous, on par with typical Stanford courses. The students also got the chance to write long research papers while working with the counselors, teaching assistants, and professors. In short, the Summer Humanities Institute provided an intense academic experience while also giving high school students interested in the humanities a chance to get to know like-minded students from across the country and the world. Furthermore, the SHI has expanded for 2016, with six different courses being offered. (The schedule is the same as SPCS, with two sessions to choose from.) If you're looking into any of Stanford's summer programs, you should consider the Summer Humanities Institute, especially if you're interested in literature, history, or philosophy. Summer Arts Institute New in 2016, SPCS is now running the Summer Arts Institute. With courses centered on the arts, including theater, music, and architecture, this is a program geared towards students specifically interested in the arts. Stanford has been increasingly committed to the arts, so this summer program gives high school students a chance to see Stanford's resources for budding artists, musicians, and actors. No previous experience in the arts is necessary to apply, so the program is accessible to a wide range of students. Your application will be evaluated holistically, meaning your grades, test scores, and individual experiences will all be considered. This is a great program to look into if you have specific interest in the arts but want a more challenging, academic experience than your typical summer drama or dance camp. How to Apply To apply to SPCS, you will apply to either the class or special program you want to be in – you’ll list your preferences on your application. Your application will be reviewed with those courses and/or programs in mind. Keep in mind some courses (like the Computer Stience courses, for example) tend to be more popular and therefore more competitive. The Summer Humanities Institute is also getting increasingly competitive year to year. We recommend applying for these programs as early as possible if you’re set on getting in to them. You’ll submit an application with your demographic info, a $50 fee, work samples, your most recent transcript or grades, a teacher recommendation, and recent standardized score report (for more about these components see the materials page). You can apply as early as January 20 (the early decision deadline) or by March 30 at the latest. As soon as you decide you’re interested, I recommend you go ahead and apply. This will give you the best shot at admission to your first choice class or program. SPCS is selective, so you’re more likely to get in if you apply to a less popular class. That said, getting into SPCS is not nearly as difficult as getting into Stanford. Don’t be deterred from applying because you think you won’t get in! Tuition Tuition for SPCS runs at $6300 for a high school session. The Summer Arts Institute is $6,000 for the session, as well as the Summer Humanities Institute. Tuition includes instruction, housing, meals, and field trips. You can apply for financial aid after you’ve submitted your program application. You’re encouraged to apply early since there is a limited amount. Again, if you’re set on going to SPCS but think you will need financial aid, apply as early as possible to maximize your chances of getting financial aid. Is SPCS Worth It? While I didn’t participate in SPCS as a high school student, I did work there as a Stanford student and thought it was a great program. You can get a rigorous academic experience while also getting a taste of what it’s like to live on Stanford’s campus. Especially since you are only taking one class, it’s a great opportunity to delve deeply into one topic you’re interested in. Students in the Summer Humanities Institute got to use Stanford's Green Library to work on their research papers. Image via Stanford University Libraries. You can also use SPCS as an opportunity to take a class you can’t usually take as a high school student, like robotics or philosophy. It’s also possible to get a letter of recommendation from your instructor or professor at SPCS, which can be a boost to your college applications. However, you do have to follow a daily schedule and, from experience, you are supervised much more than the High School Summer College students are. If you want a more independent summer experience, you might consider High School Summer College instead. Stanford High School Summer College Image via Stanford High School Summer College. What Is High School Summer College? In High School Summer College (HSSC), you get to participate in a full academic quarter at Stanford over the summer, which lasts eight weeks. You take real Stanford classes alongside Stanford students and live in dorms on campus. It’s a big commitment! I did this program when I was in high school so trust me when I say it’s not your typical summer program. You take two or three classes during the summer. That might not sound like a lot, but these are Stanford courses so they will more than fill up your time! This also means you get a Stanford transcript with actual Stanford courses on it at the end of the summer. This sets HSSC apart from the SPCS programs and many other summer university programs you might be considering. Furthermore, you live on campus in Stanford dorms. The RAs are current Stanford students. This means you really get a sense of what it would be like to go to Stanford. The RAs run clubs and there are weekend excursions to places like San Francisco and Monterrey. While you are monitored much more closely than you are in college – there is a curfew – this program is excellent if you want to get a taste of what college will be like. Aside from your classes and dining hall hours, you’re free to set your own schedule – when you want to study, when you want to hang out with friends, and when to participate in clubs. You can also take advantage of on campus resources like practice rooms if you play an instrument, or use the gym and recreation facilities. How to Apply to HSSC To apply, submit the online application, which is a college-like application that includes an essay, test scores (if you want), and a letter of recommendation. It’s a selective program, though the program doesn’t release data on how selective. It’s definitely not nearly as selective as getting into Stanford regularly. Still, put your best foot forward with a great essay and the best standardized test score you have available if you’re set on getting in. The program usually fills up and has a waitlist, so apply as early as possible. You can apply beginning in the fall. Try to submit your application by March or earlier if you're set on getting on a spot. When I did HSSC back in summer 2009, we stayed in the Lagunita Court dorms. All Summer College students are guaranteed housing on Stanford's campus. Image via Wikimedia. Tuition HSSC costs close to $12,000 for the summer, including books, housing, and personal expenses. You can apply for financial aid, though you should recognize it’s limited and not a guarantee. Again, the earlier you apply, the more likely you are to get financial aid. Is HSSC Worth It? It’s worth noting that HSSC is a very expensive program, putting it out of the reach of many families. It also takes up pretty much your entire summer, which can make it hard to schedule in for many students. That said, I did this program as a student in Summer 2009 and had a great experience. I really loved getting to take real Stanford courses – and even got a jumpstart on what eventually became one of my areas of study at Stanford by taking an Introduction to International Relations class. Furthermore, I think doing very well in my courses that summer strongly helped my Stanford application. I would caution students that if you do go, be careful about how you spend your time. Because the program encourages students to set their own schedules, many students got caught up in the social aspects of the program and neglected reading, studying, and problem sets. There is no point in spending money on the chance to take Stanford courses and then wasting that money by not putting in a sincere effort. And finally, while I did this program and eventually got into Stanford, it is not by any means the only way to get admitted. You can take advantage of college courses, research opportunities, and volunteering close to home and put together an excellent application for Stanford. Make sure you explore a range of summer options before deciding on something as intense as HSSC. Will Doing a Summer Program at Stanford Get Me Admitted? The short answer is no. Each of these programs is less competitive than getting into Stanford for real, which means many students who do these programs end up getting rejected from Stanford. In other words, these programs are definitely NOT a guarantee of admission to Stanford. Don’t go to one of these just because you think it’s a free ticket to Stanford. That said, doing an academic summer program is one way to show your intellectual interests to college admissions officers, and also to demonstrate your academic strengths. This is true of programs at Stanford as well as programs at other universities. Again, it’s important to use your time at these programs wisely. Do well in the classes, get to know the instructors/professors, and get the most out of the experience as possible. Don’t get caught up in the social experience and neglect the academics. Doing well and/or getting an extra letter of recommendation from a professor or instructor could increase your chances of getting into Stanford, but you should make sure the other parts of your application are strong as well – including your GPA, SAT/ACT scores, etc. Unfortunately, doing really well in a summer program won’t make up for a low GPA or a less-than-average SAT/ACT score. The bottom line is that academic programs at Stanford are a great way to challenge yourself, meet other like-minded high school students, and add something extra to your college application. Just don’t expect them to guarantee your admission to Stanford, and be aware there are likely other, cheaper options to enrich your studies close to home. Image via SLAC. What’s Next? Also studying for the SAT/ACT? Want a score good enough for Stanford or Ivy League schools? Learn how to come up with a target SAT or ACT score based on your dream schools, and also read about ACT and SAT scores for the Ivy League. Have you already taken the SAT/ACT? Thinking about retaking it but not sure if it will be worth it? Learn for sure if you should take the test again. Shooting for a perfect SAT/ACT score? Get tips from our full scorer for the SAT and the ACT. Considering the AP or IB program? Learn the differences between the two and which program you should do. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: